Growing Tips

The Christmas cactus, hailing from Brazil, is a beautiful plant that blooms a light red and white flower. Also known as the Schlumbergera, its beautiful color scheme makes it the perfect natural addition to your holiday season decorations. However, these plants need to be purchased and cared for long before Christmas Eve.

What are the most important things to remember when caring for your Christmas cactus?

• Cooler temperatures
• Humidity is good, but too much watering is bad
• Balance daylight and nighttime
• Special fertilizer only used at the right time
• Prune yearly
• Monitor for and remove insects
• Displaying area is different from growing area

Let’s explain those steps in more detail and then discuss your additional options.

Steps to Prepare Your Christmas Cactus for the Holiday Season

Just keep in mind as you go through these points that a plant is a living thing, not a product out of a factory. As such, do not be afraid to tinker with these instructions ever so slightly. Christmas cacti especially are used to a little disruption. Use your judgement and a little tender loving care to keep your plant happy and satisfied.

Cooler Temperatures

The Christmas cactus is native to the jungles in Brazil, where it grows adjacent to larger trees and under their canopies. As such, they like average temperatures ranging from 65 degrees to 75 degrees. They can be outside in the summer, but keep them under some sort of balcony roof or awning to avoid direct sunlight. Prolonged sunlight can burn them, causing a yellowing color and preventing bloom later in the year.

To time a proper bloom exactly right, your Christmas cactus will need to be placed in cooler temperatures for about 12 hours a day starting in late September to early October. That way they will start to bloom 8 to 10 weeks later in early December. If you live in a temperate climate, leaving your plant outside should work just fine as long as you monitor weather fluctuations. Too cold and it will develop frost, which will kill the plant.

On the other hand, if a hot day pops up in October, bring it inside into the air conditioning. In general, 55 to 60 degrees should do the trick. If you live in a desert or tropical climate, place your Christmas cactus in your basement or at least a closed off closet during this time.

Humidity vs Watering

Here is where it becomes tricky. The Christmas cactus is technically not a cactus, as it does not grow in the desert. Being from the tropics, this plant likes it humid. However, liking humidity does not mean that it likes being watered all the time. In fact, the Christmas cactus name in derived from the fact that it rarely likes to actually be watered. If this plant were a guy at a Florida resort in July, he would sit under an umbrella outside by the pool all day but never jump in the water.

How do you keep something humid without watering it? It is easier than you might think. If you already live in a humid climate, putting the plant outside is obviously the best thing you can do. If not, follow these steps:

1. Find a small, shallow tray just larger than the bottom of cactus’s pot. A plate is too shallow, but something like a frisbee or garden stone with ridges will do fine.
2. Fill it up with small stones, enough so that they sit just above the ridge.
3. Fill that tray with water.
4. Place the Christmas cactus on top of the rocks.

By using this method, you are not watering the plant. However, the water in the tray will very slowly evaporate through the pot and around it past the leaves, keeping the plant reasonably humid. Check on the water every so often and fill up the tray again as necessary.

That being said, it is not like a Christmas cactus never wants water. Check on it once a week to see if there is any significant drying out in the soil or yellowing in the leaves. It will generally need water once every 1 to three weeks. Still a lot less often then your common florist bouquet.

It is also important to adjust watering patterns depending on the season. Once a week or so is great in the Spring and Summer. But the Christmas cactus will only bloom if it feels like it needs to. Frankly, if it feels like it is dying needs to reproduce. In the fall, you definitely want to dial it back to 2 or 3 weeks.

Daylight and Nighttime

Outside of blooming preparation, a Christmas cactus’s relationship with sunlight is mostly average. They can sit outside or in the windowsill (temperature permitting). Again, just avoid too much direct sunlight. If you need to choose though, err on the side of too much sunlight over not enough.

Blooming preparation, starting in September, is when it becomes more complicated. Along with cooler temperatures, the Christmas cactus also needs 12 to 14 hours a day of complete darkness. The plant will attempt to look for more sunlight somewhere, hence it will start to bloom. Make sure it receives a healthy amount of sunlight during the day, and then at night move it into complete darkness. Artificial light still counts as light, unfortunately. Try one of these options to make sure it gets adequate amount of “sleep”:

• Put it in your basement
• Place it delicately in a closed closet or room by itself
• If it is too big to move from outside, put a tarp or thick sheet completely over the top of it so that all leaves are covered.
• Later in the season, when nighttime lasts a lot longer, simply placing it in your backyard (away from car lights and such) works well. Again, if you are keeping it outside, beware of frost.

Fertilizer

We already know how picky the Christmas cactus is with water. What about fertilizer? That is quite a different story. As long as it is used correctly, fertilizer is a beneficial and necessary ingredient to help your plant do well. But keep it out of the bloom season, as this could be detrimental by interfering with the timing of that process.

During the spring and summer, it is recommended to add fertilizer to your Christmas cactus about once a month. This time of the year is the growing season, so any help is beneficial. In fact, fertilizer will even help you better align your plant’s annual overall rhythm of growth and bloom. Use one with a high rating on its middle number, like 8. Try one of these fertilizers:

• Tiger Bloom: This simply works for a fair price and is recommended by top horticulturists. Particularly useful in promoting budding in the Fall
• Miracle-Gro: You probably already know Miracle-Gro from your lawn fertilizer. Well they specialize in houseplants too. It is not specialized to cacti specifically, but it works.
• Jacks Classic: Cheaper than the rest but will still keep those leaves looking green and the rest of the plant strong throughout the year.

Pruning

You really do not need to be cutting back your Christmas cactus, even during all-out growth season. This could be even worse during budding season because you will be losing tiny buds that are still not completely visible. Remember, this plant is used to growing in treacherous conditions. It is used to finding whatever space it needs to survive. Not pruning will never affect the health of your plant.

However, Christmas cacti can live up to 30 years, meaning they will eventually become too large. Or they may even start growing uneven or otherwise just become unsightly in some way. If you need to prune your Christmas cactus, it is rather easy: just cut on the skinny piece in between two leaf segments. The plant practically marks it for you.

You can cut up to one third off of your Christmas cactus without disturbing its health or growth rate. Also, do not overdo it: you should only be pruning it roughly once a year. After you prune, save a handful of leaf segments! More on that later.

Watch for Bugs

Let’s face it. After everything you have read so far, especially concerning darkness and lack of watering, it sure is tempting to just put your Christmas cactus in your spare bedroom and shut the door. See you in two weeks. Not a good idea. You should at least go in once a day and check on your plant. It could need more water in its humidity tray. But most importantly, you also need to watch for bugs.

Insects could be infesting their way inside the pot without you even noticing. If this happens, your dream of a beautiful Christmas cactus adorning your living room by the fireplace could die in September. Look out for:

• Root mealybugs
• Flower thrips
• Fungus gnats

If you see any of these, prune off the infected area and discard it so it hopefully does not infect the rest of the plant. Then use an insecticide that is safe on plants. Be sure to avoid overwatering because that is usually the main attractor of bugs. Also keep your Christmas cactus in a thinner, breathable pot so it dries faster.

Display Area

So far, we have almost exclusively discussed placing your Christmas cactus in cold dark rooms or on balconies. The problem is we do not usually roast marshmallows and open presents in a closet. You are obviously going to have to move your plant into a prominent spot in your living room. During the holiday season, it is time for this beautiful plant to shine. Here are some tips on displaying your Christmas cactus:

• Unlike its holiday plant colleague, the poinsettia, it is not poisonous to cats and dogs. No worries there.
• Keep it up on an end table though so your pets do not poke at its semi sharp edges. You do not want the kids pulling apart something that took a year to bloom either.
• If there is less sunshine in your living room, just try to keep it as close to the window as you can. Do not forget that more darkness is better this time of year anyway.
• Avoid the fireplace. Smoke is bad for the plant. And obviously fire is not great either.

Propagating

If your Christmas cactus is in its twenties and has begun to see better days, it might be time to get a new one. Luckily for you, there is no need to buy a new one because you can make one yourself! Grab those leaf segments from before and follow these steps:

1. Leave the segments out on a dry surface for a few days so that they dry and the tips heal
2. Assemble a new pot (6 inches in diameter is fine for a now) filled with soil mix. This soil is purposely coarse to allow for plenty of aeration. Here is a list of our favorite and recommended soil mix (Here).
3. Place three or four leaves in the soil for their old cut stems down. They should all be buried about halfway. Keep a handful to the side in case the leaves in the pot do not take.
4. Follow normal care. Pay extra attention to humidity.
5. In about two weeks, growth will occur. Together they will have a brand-new root system.

Where to Buy Your Christmas Cactus

If you do not have a Christmas cactus at all and do not have a way of acquiring a few leaves, you will need to buy one. Before you do, buyer beware: a lot of “holiday cacti” are not actually Christmas cacti. Plenty of companies try to sell the Thanksgiving cactus, which looks similar and is a lot easier to grow, and pretend it is a Christmas cactus. Further troubling is that some people try to sell imitation plants in the place of all holiday cacti! Make sure you are buying from a reputable source like one of the following.

Amazon

We have come a long way from buying our favorite books on Amazon. Believe it or not, Amazon has a huge selection of live plants. The Christmas cactus is no exception. There are a few varieties to choose from, all of which are typically fulfilled locally. If they cannot be fulfilled locally, they are shipped with careful climate-controlled means. Be careful though, as that will probably increase shipping charges. Here are a few ideas:

• Hirt’s Gardens– $15 is not bad for a plant ready to go and already in a 4 inch pot
• American Plant Exchange– This is really a larger co-op network of sellers who bid together for simplified pricing. Comes in a larger pot.
• JM Bamboo– Similar to the Hirt’s Gardens one but better quality and bigger price

Your Hardware Store

You may know your local hardware store as just a good place to buy your favorite gardening tools. While that is true, plenty of them have branched out into floral selections as well. Home Depot and Lowes in particular have vary large gardening sections, often located outdoors, which feature everything you will need to start growing your plant. And of course, the plant itself. Check in to your local store usually around August or September, when the holiday decorations start moving in, and that will typically be when they will have the Christmas cactus in stock. That would be the perfect time to pick it up for your first year, as that is the start of blooming season.

Local Florist

The most convenient option for many of us is just going to our local florist. Even though they will have a much larger flower selection, they still might not have the Christmas cactus in stock before September. Many people believe certain things should be bought in person, not online, so you can examine quality before you buy. And when it comes to quality, nothing beats buying from your local florist and bringing the plant home that same day.

Cacti for Other Holidays

There are a couple cacti out there for other holidays besides Christmas. There is the Thanksgiving cactus, as previously mentioned, and also the Easter cactus. They are in the family as the Christmas cactus, but have slightly different properties and care practices. Let’s go through those in case you are thinking of keeping the cactus trend going year-round. It is also a good idea to know these things, so you are not bamboozled on your next Christmas cactus purchase.

Thanksgiving

The Thanksgiving cactus is often used as an imitation of Christmas cactus. It is similar in color and appearance. It also is more abundant and therefore cheaper to sell at a markup. However, you will be able to tell the difference.

The Thanksgiving cactus has leaves that are pink and white, not red and white. If you are buying the plant when it has already budded, that will be a dead giveaway. If not, take a look at the leaves. The Thanksgiving cactus leaf has hooked edges, almost like lobster claws. A Christmas cactus should have smaller and smoother edges.

In addition, pay careful attention to the directions. When they tell you to start the budding process in late July or early August, you will know something is up. These plants are designed to blossom a month before the Christmas cactus, in time for Thanksgiving. So naturally they need to start the budding process a month earlier.

Easter

The Easter cactus is a lot different. Although it comes from a similar area in brazil, it is prone to more of a forest environment than a nature one. Also, with its bright pink or even orange colors, there is no way you would get it confused with a Christmas cactus.

As the name suggests, the growth cycle is radically different too, which allows it to bloom in the Spring right around Easter. Caretaking for this plant is similar to the Christmas cactus, just moved later in the year. You will want to start the blooming period back in November if you can, since it might be too cold and too dark during the deep winter. Not enough sunlight at all means more time to get to full bloom. Watering and moisture stay the same. It should also go without saying that the Easter cactus should not be outside during the winter. You can bring outside in the early Spring, weather permitting.

Diseases and How to Avoid Them

Like humans, plants can also become ill. The Christmas cactus, unfortunately, is no exception. The diseases that commonly affect this plant are:

1. Basal Stem Rot
2. Botrytis Blight
3. Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus

1. Basal Stem Rot

Basal stem rot occurs when fungus builds up around the roots. This may not be outwardly noticeable since you will not see any fungus on the plant or the pot. However, the plant will start to grow slower than it should. If you have other Christmas cacti, it will clearly be smaller than them. It will also start to miss important benchmarks. Even, most critically, the start of blooming season.

How does this happen? Too much water. If you do not overwater, you do not have to worry about basal stem rot. But if it is already happening, you may need to consult an expert.

2. Botrytis Blight

On the other hand, Botrytis Blight is completely noticeable on your Christmas cactus. At first the leaves and flowers will wilt. Then a fuzzy blue fungus will grow. To prevent this, make sure you do not go overboard on the humidity. Keep a close eye on your cactus. If this begins to happen, immediately cut off any infected leaves.

3. Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus

Like we mentioned before, you should be routinely inspecting for insects on or in your Christmas cactus. Insects, after all, do more than eat your plant. They also carry disease! One infection carried by insects that is perhaps the most detrimental to plants is called Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus. The symptoms include:

• Leaves turning purple or off-color
• Wilting
• Stunted growth
• Spots on both the leaves and the flowers

Unfortunately, there is no easy cure to Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus. Insecticide will not help because the damage is already done. Not to mention the virus usually dives deep into buds and inside stems. The best you can do is cut off the infected area and hope enough of the virus is removed.

4. Phytophthora Root Rot

Phytophthora Root Rot has symptoms very similar to the other diseases. That makes it really hard to diagnose to the untrained eye. Leaves turning yellow will be quite common. However, before you decide to start cutting off stems, cut into the them just a little bit. Take a look at the color. Reddish brown discoloration in the stem is the biggest indicator that the problem in your Christmas cactus is down below in the roots, not the leaves and stems.

Luckily, this problem is quite fixable. It usually occurs from the water not being able to drain properly. Try switching to a thinner pot that allows the soil and roots to dry out faster.

Other Holiday Plants

The Christmas cactus is not the only plant for the holidays. Consider purchases one of the following to fill out the décor of your holiday living room.

Poinsettia

The poinsettia is the most famous of all Christmas plants with its appropriately green and red colors. Buy a couple of these and place them next to your Christmas cactus for an inspired look. Just make sure you keep them off the floor, as they are dangerous to eat for your dog or cat.

Like the Christmas cactus, take care not to over water your poinsettias either. Also, if you want to keep it for next year, place it in your windowsill and water only occasionally. Pruning can be done liberally, and fertilizer can be given every two weeks.

Cyclamen

The cyclamen has a similar green and red color scheme. However, the bud is decidedly rounder and dainty, for a softer feel. It can also bloom for an impressive eight weeks, which well comfortably take you from right after Thanksgiving through New Year’s Day, if you time it right. They also handle colder temperatures a lot better. Do not put them outside on a frigid day, but you can leave a cyclamen on your balcony well into early December.

Amaryllis

The Amaryllis is more of a flower than a full plant, but it is pretty nonetheless. These come in all red or all white. There are sometimes ones that produce both color flowers, made by planting both in the same pot of soil. The Amaryllis nicely fills up any leftover space on your holiday display and looks good adjacent to your Christmas cactus.

If you enjoyed the show, you do not have to toss this flower out after New Year’s. Although it may look dead, you can always store the bulb in a cool dark place and replant it next year.

If you are looking for a low-maintenance plant that you can keep inside or outside of your home, a cactus is a great option. These plants are easy to care for and require little expertise on your part to keep them growing and thriving. More importantly, they are resilient should they begin to weaken; you can usually bring them back with a little TLC and making sure you’re watering them correctly.

How do you know your cactus needs more water? Water, both too much and not enough, can be a massive problem with your plant. Some signs of underwatering are:

1. Different, dryer texture
2. Puckering
3. Visual changes
4. Watering that’s not adjusted according to the season
5. Improper potting mix

In this article, we will discuss these signs that your cactus needs more water in detail and what you can do to remedy this before it is too late. Unfortunately, many cactus owners believe since the plants are from dryer environments, they can go without water for an extended period. However, your cactus still needs to be watered regularly.

The Importance of Watering Your Cactus

Before we jump into the signs that a cactus is underwatered, let’s talk about the importance of watering your plant regularly regarding its health. The main thing that sets cacti and similar succulents apart from other plants is their ability to store water for a relatively long period. Cacti plants have specialized cells in their stem that help them hold onto water when there is excess available.

These cells are designed to soak up water during downpours while in the desert but can also be beneficial for plants even in your home. When you water your plant, the cells will absorb water until every cell is fully hydrated. As time progresses, the plant will use water stored in the cells, which will reduce the hydrostatic pressure inside the plant.

If your plant’s water reservoir has not been exhausted, the cactus will continue to prefer dry and airy soil. However, should the plant run out of water in its cells, this can turn into an issue. Ideally, you will offer it more water when it begins to run low internally, but this is not always the case. Should the plant go for an extended period without you replenishing the water, it can be detrimental to its health.

How to Tell if Your Cactus Needs More Water

Luckily, if you are new to the cactus world, it can be easy to tell if your cactus needs more water. If, at any point, your plant begins to look a little off to you or even seems to be dying, you can almost guarantee there is something off with it internally. While underwatering may not always be the case, it is a common issue.

If you cannot remember the last time that you watered your plant, or you do not have a good water schedule in place, the problem could easily be a lack of watering. Some of the easiest signs to spot or things to look for when it comes to your plant are:

1 – The Feel of Your Plant

It may seem a little less than intelligent for you to squeeze your cactus to see how it feels, but the physical touch of the plant will alert you to the first signs of water issues. When your cactus has been freshly watered, it will be in what is called a “hard body stage.” Essentially this means that when it is fully hydrated, it should feel a little firmer or harder.

If you know that your plant has been watered recently, you can wear some protective gloves and give it a gentle squeeze to see how this feels. If you notice that the plant has started to soften due to a loss of water pressure, you can touch it to see the difference in physical feel. You should also note that a well-hydrated plant springs back quickly when squeezed, while a dry plant will not spring back as quickly, like a dehydrated human.

If you notice that your cactus feels excessively soft in some areas, this could be a sign of deeper problems. If your plant is softening unevenly and is very weak or even discolored in some spots, this is a sign of root rot. This is a deeper problem that you will want to address and deal with, as it can be fatal to the plant.

2 – Dehydrated Plants Will Begin to Pucker

Most cacti that have not been appropriately watered will begin to pucker, and this is an easy sign to look for. Healthy cactus plants will look plump and fleshy due to their stored water. However, if water is not offered to them at regular intervals, it will cause the flesh to shrivel and pucker.

You will often see that the puckering begins in the lower areas and then works its way up the plant. Ideally, you will supply the plant with enough water to bounce back before the entire plant has shriveled and puckered. In addition to the shriveling, you may also notice a small amount of discoloration such as a brown, dry, or calloused flesh.

Usually, once you notice this puckering, you can give your plant a drink of water, and they will be fine. Of course, you always want your cactus to be in a well-drained soil designed for succulents so that they do not become overwatered. If you catch them quickly enough, you will find that they should bounce back like new in no time.

3 – Look for Other Visual Changes

When a cactus is adequately hydrated and growing properly, it will stand at its full height and form. This is the classic cactus shape that you are used to seeing and is a clear sign of health. However, when there is a lack of water, you will be able to note some physical changes that are easy to see and diagnose.

Some cactus plants will literally fold in half when they are underwatered but will spring back to life when appropriately watered and hydrostatic pressure returns. Of course, any wrinkly skin, drooping leaves, sagging, or an overall change in shape can mean there is low moisture. Some other common visual changes you should note are:

• The skin will become dry when there is a lack of moisture, or all water reservoirs are used.
• They can become discolored due to insufficient water. They can turn a pale color or even become brown when dehydrated.
• The weight of the pot they are in can feel lighter than when they are well watered.
• The plant can start wilting, and the leaves will begin to droop.
• The plant will begin to wither when all the water is used.

While seeing your plant go through these physical changes can be difficult to see, it is often easy to restore them to their normal health. You will want to give your plant a thorough watering when you notice any of these signs. You should see that they revert to a healthy appearance within a day or two.

4 – Consider the Season

One thing that many forget when it comes to their cactus is that the difference in seasons can lead to a difference in water needs. Just like in the wild, your plant will need a change in watering patterns depending on the seasons. If your plant begins to look a little weak, you will want to pay attention to the season and make differences in your watering schedule accordingly.

Some basics to keep in mind when it comes to seasonal watering are:

• Fall – Your fall months will differ slightly depending on where you live, and you will want to adjust accordingly. If you live in a relatively warm climate during the fall, above 40 degrees Fahrenheit, you will want to water once weekly. If you live in an environment with a colder fall, watering can be a little more sparing.
• Winter – During winter, your cactus will just need an occasional watering because most are dormant during this period. They often stop growing with a drop in temperatures and will not need to be watered as regularly.  A typical watering pattern during these dormant months is once a month.
• Spring – The spring showers can help serve as a guide towards your watering schedule. You will want to water the plants weekly to help wake them up from their dormant winter state. They will need a little extra water to survive and thrive during this period.
• Summer – The summer months are the most critical for water as the hot temperatures tend to dry out the soil. If you have your cactus near an overly sunny window, you may need to water it even more often as they will dry out more quickly. You will want to physically check the soil to see if it feels too dry or wet, watering about two to three times a week.

5 – Check the Potting Mix

One of the easiest ways to determine that your cactus needs water is to check the soil that it is in and water accordingly. A rule of thumb that most cactus owners follow is if the soil is completely dried out, the plant needs proper watering. However, you need to learn more about checking the pot for dryness and how to do so.

Some easy ways to check the potting soil of your cactus for dryness and to see if watering is needed are:

• Use a stick or skewer to gently push into the potting mix, making sure you reach the bottom of the pot. Leave the stick in place for a few seconds before removing it. If it looks of feels damp, the plant is well watered, and no more water should be needed. If the stick comes out dry, adding water is best.
• Poking your finger into one of the drainage holes is another good indicator. You will want to poke the bottom of the container and feel for any moisture. If the area feels dry, add water and, if not, leave the plant alone.
• You can use your finger to poke into the topsoil and feel for moisture as well. Of course, you want to be careful of any spines that may be present in the lower areas of the plant. If the soil feels damp and clings to your finger, the plant should not need watering.

Of course, you always want to pick a potting mix that works well for your cactus and is fast draining. There are many soils out there that are explicitly designed for cacti and succulents, making them the best choice for your plant. You always want to ensure that the soil is dry before adding more water to the pot.

If you have several cacti plants, you may want a more proper way of checking the soil to ensure that it is ready for watering. There are tools called moisture meters that can check the level of dryness in mixes. These devices record the soil moisture content, and you will be able to tell when watering is needed, but it often takes a more expensive meter to get an accurate reading.

Design a Good Watering Schedule

The best way to ensure that your plant is not under-watered is to establish a good watering schedule from the start. How much water your plant needs depends on the type of cactus that you are growing as no two cacti species are the same. To truly take care of your plant, you will want to do more in-depth research into the specific cactus that you have and how it should be cared for. Some things to consider are:

• The type of plant you have
• The average growing season for your plant
• The typical temperature, soil, and conditions they naturally grow in
• The conditions you are currently growing your plant in

If you do not know the type of cactus you have purchased, you can look on the container if it is still in the original. Most containers will have the plant species listed somewhere on the outside. You can also do a quick Google search of common household cacti and find which one most resembles your own.

If all else fails, you can take your plant or a photo of the plant to a local nursery for help. If you have owned the plant for a while, you may be able to take it to the original place of purchase to learn more about the type you purchased. You can even ask for expert advice on caring for the plant.

General Guidelines for Watering Your Cactus

While each cactus is different, there are some similarities between the different types that you can keep in mind. A basic guideline that you can follow when it comes to watering your plant are:

• As mentioned, always let the cactus’ soil dry out between watering. The top couple of inches of soil should be thoroughly dried out. You can follow the previously mentioned methods to see if the soil is adequately dry.
• Keep the seasons in mind! Do not forget the seasonal watering changes previously discussed as plants need more water during the hot season and less during the dormant months. During the summer months, water at least once a week!
• If your plants are indoors, they will need more water than cactus plants that have been placed outdoors.
• Many plants that rest in a semi-dormant state during colder months need much less water or even none. If you have outdoor plants, they may need no extra watering during this phase. You will want to monitor the plant’s appearance for signs of watering needs.
• Always watch for the signs that we discussed and give the plant a thorough watering should you notice any puckering, wilting, bending, deflation, or color changes. Make sure to water them effectively and do not overwater the plant. Too much water can be just as bad as too little, if not worse.
• If you live in an area that has hard water, you may want to repot your plant regularly, and this can become an issue. Hard water can lead to a build-up of salt.
• Always ensure that your cactus’ pot is well-drained so that water does not build up. Improper drainage can cause the plant to get waterlogged and lead to root rot.

Ensure You Are Watering Your Plant Correctly

Now that you have a better idea of how often you should water your plant and what to look for when a plant is under-watered, you will want to ensure that you are watering it correctly. A good method to stick to for the majority of the year is to water your cactus once a week. However, you want to make sure that you are also watering your plant correctly.

The basic steps to watering your cactus are:

1. You want to always provide a good amount of moisture without leaving too much water in the soil. Always soak the roots, but not so much that can lead to root rot.
2. When it is time to water your plant, you will want to do so until the soil is saturated. A good sign of saturation is when water slowly drips out of the drainage holes in the bottom of the pot.
3. If you are watering an outdoor cactus, you will want to check the ground around the plant to ensure the soil is moist. You can also use a water gauge to ensure the soil is moist enough.

Some argue that watering your cactus from above is not the best option though it may be the easiest. When you use this method, the water will travel down the edge of the soil and to the bottom, which does not allow excess to get absorbed. This is why many plants develop rot at the soil line.

If you have the available amount of space and time, a great option is to set the cactus pot in a pan of water so the plant can pull water in from the bottom rather than the top. This allows the soil in the pot to absorb as much water as possible. This also boosts the plant’s absorption rate, and the moisture will move up to the surface of the pot. After some time, you will want to take the container out of the water pan and let it drain.

Cacti are popular plants to grow at home (both indoors and outdoors) because they require very little maintenance and are among the coolest looking plant varieties. Because of their unique needs compared to most plants you keep in a garden, there are specific guidelines that need to be followed for care. Many misinformed care strategies may hurt the plants.

These are five common mistakes in cactus care:

1. Caring for all cacti the same way
2. Overwatering and Underwatering
3. Using small containers and bad soil conditions
4. Offering too little sunlight or scorching them
5. Using pesticides incorrectly

Many things in life need to be done in moderation. This is particularly true when caring for cacti as our common mistakes show that too much or too little of something can be equally damaging to the plant. We will cover the common mistakes that arise in cactus care and what you should be doing to make sure that your cacti are appropriately cared for.

Common Mistakes in Cactus Care

Cacti can be very easy to care for when done so correctly, but it can also be challenging as they are very different from plants that we are familiar with. They are native to the Western Hemisphere, often being found in arid environments where drought is frequent. However, there is variation in the environments they are found in, with some being drier and more intense than others.

Cacti have become a popular plant species to grow and take care of at home, providing that care mimics their growth and survival in the wild. The following are five common mistakes in cactus care and how you can modify these mistakes to care for your cactus plants best.

1. Caring for All Cacti the Same Way

Cacti are not only unique from other plants, but they are incredibly unique among each other. There are upwards of 2,000 species found throughout North and South America, all in varying weather and living conditions. Because they are naturally found in different climates, soil conditions, and environments, certain species are best suited for some areas over others.

Cacti all share a common survival strategy to preserve water, but the conditions in which they do it can be quite different. The first common mistake in cactus care is treating all cacti as if they are the same. While there are general cactus care guidelines we will point out throughout this article, not every recommendation will suit all species the same.

To best care for your cactus plants and promote the growth of a healthy plant, you should be looking at specific care protocol for your individual plant types. This will ensure that you are mimicking the conditions that each species would be exposed to in their natural environment. Some species of cacti are easier to care for than others.

For example, the Mammillaria genus of cacti likes to stay dry compared to others in the cacti family (Cactaceae). This means that they will need to be watered significantly less than other cacti for ideal growing conditions. Referring to individual species for best-growing conditions will ensure that the plant can thrive.

There are certain species of cacti that are better suited for home growth than others. Here are some of the easiest ones to grow (listed by genus and offering many species within each):

• Opuntia: Referred to as prickly pear, Opuntia needs bright light as young plants and full sun as adults. They withstand high temperatures and dry environments. Seedlings should be consistently moist, but adult plants are very drought tough. They can completely dry out between watering but need to be soaked.
• Echinopsis: The Echinopsis genus is characterized by bulbous cacti. They like intense light, need thorough watering when their soil is dry, require good drainage, and do well with fertilizer. 
• Mammillaria: These need less sunlight than many other species, do not want lots of water and need fast-draining soil.
• Rebutia: Different species of Rebutia will require varying sun conditions, and most do not want high temperatures. They need their soil to dry before re-watering.
• Parodia: Keep Parodia away from excessive direct sunlight and shade them during the hottest parts of the day. Their soil should remain moist, so regular watering is required.
• Ferocactus: These are often barrel-shaped cacti that appreciate direct sunlight, well-drained soil, and limited water. Only rainfall is required to water Ferocactus unless drought occurs.

If you are considering cacti to grow at home, these are among the easiest to grow successfully. A wide range of species falls under each genus, giving you plenty of cactus aesthetics to choose from.

2. Overwatering and Underwatering

One of the coolest features about cacti, which are considered succulents, is their ability to store water. Most cacti store water in their stems and thrive in environments will little access to water. When caring for cactus plants at home, there is typically always access to water, which can be good and bad. While we water most of our plants every day, cacti are not suited for it.

Two common mistakes deal with how much water is being given to your cactus; you can overwater and underwater it. It is all about finding a happy medium as too much water will overwhelm the plant, and too little will cause it to dry out.

It is recommended that cacti should be watered around once a week, but there may be differences depending upon the specific species.

When watering most cacti, you will want to do so when the soil mixture is near or completely dry. The best watering technique is to soak the soil so that the cactus will be able to pull enough moisture from the mixture. Once the soil appears dry again, this is the signal to re-water (should occur every week or so). Too much water can cause the roots to rot when sitting.

You may also notice physical signs on the cactus that show the impacts of watering at different levels:

• Coloring: If the plants are not watered for considerable amounts of time, green plants will often appear more yellow. In extreme situations, parts of the cactus will turn brown or black, which indicates death.
• Plumpness: If the cactus looks very engorged or mushy looking, you may have overwatered it. Limit watering in this case, so the plant has a chance to return to ideal conditions.
• Wrinkles: If the leaves or outer appearance look shriveled, this is a sign of underwatering. Make sure that containers are sufficiently watered when watering does occur.

The time of year will also determine the watering schedule. The weekly recommendations are for the summer and growing months, while wintertime will require less watering because of dormancy. Only water when soil is completely dry in the winter to avoid drying the cactus out. Soil type will also impact watering habits. Fast-draining soil will require more water as it leaves the container. Larger containers will need more water than small ones.

Always look at the specific requirements of your species but err on the side of underwatering as opposed to overwatering.

Cacti are naturally drought resistant and will be able to handle drier environments as opposed to being overwhelmed with moisture.

3. Using Small Containers and Bad Soil Conditions

The physical conditions in which cactus plants are kept will also have a significant impact on their ability to survive. There are two parts of this common mistake, which include using containers that are too small for growing and bad soil choices. These two factors work together to provide an unsuitable environment for many cactus species.

If you are growing a cactus in a pot, you should examine both the size of the cactus and its roots. Many people will choose too small of a container for their cactus, which will limit the growth capabilities depending on the species. If there are longer roots, you will need a deeper container. It is recommended to choose a container that is slightly larger than the plant.

For both plants in containers and those in the ground, the soil is critical. It is a common mistake to use regular potting or gardening soil for cactus, which does not contain proper draining qualities and can lead to root rot more quickly than cactus mix or soil. You should be mimicking growing the conditions that cacti find themselves in many desert environments.

The best soils for cacti have the following characteristics:

• Rocky: This allows water to easily pass through the soil so that it does not sit and negatively impact the roots.
• Rich in nutrients: Many cactus mixes will include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
• Contain peat: If kept in extremely dry environments, peat moss is often added to help the plants maintain and hold moisture, so the soil does not dry out too fast. This will vary based on the species you grow.
• Fertilized: To help aid in the growth of your cacti, consider adding fertilizer to the soil every couple of months. They do best with light fertilizing as full-strength can be overwhelming to their composition and growth. Some soils are enriched with fertilizer and will not require additions. Phosphorus-rich solutions are best for growth.

The containers you plant the cacti in should also have holes at the bottom to allow for this drainage to occur. Without holes, the soil remains moist, leading to premature death and decay of the roots. As cacti proliferate, they need to be repotted every two to three years so they have access to fresh soil with new nutrients.

4. Offering Too Little Sunlight or Scorching Them

Sunlight is crucial to the growth of all plants for photosynthesis. Cacti do engage in photosynthesis, but it is CAM photosynthesis, allowing them to maintain moisture by collecting carbon dioxide at night. The amount of light given to cacti is one of the most important factors in keeping the plant healthy. A common mistake is providing them with too little or too much light.

There are two main issues where sunlight is concerned:

• keeping them indoors where there is limited light
• leaving them outside in intense sun that can burn the plant

You want to provide a good light balance for the plant, which will largely depend on the species you are growing. Some cacti require indirect sunlight, bright light, or a restriction on the hours exposed.

If your cactus is receiving too little light, here are some common solutions:

• Keep it near a window: To avoid burning but allow for more light, keeping a cactus near a window will give it the light it needs without high intensity.
• Use artificial lighting: If you cannot provide enough natural light, artificial light will work. You will just need to make sure it is exposed to these lights for longer as they are not as powerful or strong as natural lighting will be.
• Move it outside: Many species will thrive in outdoor environments with ample sun. You can always put it in an area that will be partially shaded if it cannot withstand direct light all day.

A common misconception is that cacti should be left in full sun all day since they are naturally in the desert. For some varieties, this is absolutely true and they need lots of light for growth. Others may be more intolerant, especially if it is a hot and intense sunlight. Brightness may be more important than direct sunlight, which can be achieved near a window for indoor plants.

Most cacti will require 4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day, with specific species being suited for full sun.

Some cacti are found in tropical environments rather than deserts, so intense sunlight is not going to allow them to thrive. Understanding your specific species will help determine this! Cacti can get a sunburn and they will tell you with yellowy skin color. If you notice this, take the cactus out of direct sunlight and grow it either indoors or in areas that will receive shade.

5. Using Pesticides Incorrectly

Because we want to keep bugs and insects off our plants for optimal growth, it is a common mistake to use harmful pesticides on your cacti. Most cacti naturally deter bugs and do not really deal with this problem as much as they do bacterial and fungal disease. When bugs do develop, you need to make sure proper insecticides are used as to not damage the plant.

Bugs will feed on the nutrients accumulated in leaves and stems, with the most common pests being:

• Mealybugs: These are dangerous to the plant and will attack it from the stems and the leaves. They are small white bugs that reproduce quickly and will damage the cactus. Try removing with water or tweezers before chemicals. Neem or horticultural oil and rubbing alcohol solutions can also be used before more intense insecticide applications.
• Scale: Another difficult pest to remove, scale insects are often found in warm environments (perfect for cacti) and produce honeydew which can contribute to mold creation. If not addressed, leaves will die and it can kill the plant. Similar treatment methods can be used as mealybugs, but armored scales are more difficult to remove. Early intervention is necessary for effective removal.

One of the most common ailments a plant faces when pesticides are involved is phototoxicity. When pesticides are combined with sunlight, they can produce a chemical reaction that is similar to that of a sunburn on the cacti. This will result in burning of the cactus skin and is a direct result of a grower’s application of a pesticide.

The best way to both use a pesticide and prevent phototoxicity is to apply pesticides when direct sunlight is not present. Application will kill bugs or pests but have limited impact on the surface of the plant as long as contact with sun is not made. When the pesticide is left on for the amount of time it needs to kill the bugs, wash it off before the plant will be exposed to sun again.

Prevention is the best way to avoid cactus damage related to pesticides. Make sure all pesticides used will not damage the plant upon impact. Using a cactus-specific solution will help to keep your plants healthy and prevent the infestation of bugs or insects on your plants.

Taking Best Care of Cacti

Cacti are incredibly strong plants but they are also sensitive and should be treated with care. They are best served being slightly neglected over being micro-managed with too much water or interference. Our best advice for avoiding the mistakes mentioned throughout this article is to research the specific cacti you will be caring for.

Because ‘cacti’ is a such a large plant grouping, there is not one set of directions that will apply. The common mistakes apply to all cacti, but which ones will be more resilient to either end of the spectrum is largely dependent on the plant you have. Cacti are excellent for homes, and compared to most plants, are beautiful and low-maintenance additions.

Cactus is an amazing plant that you can add inside or outside of your home. While they are relatively low maintenance, ensuring the health of your cactus does require some work on your part. One thing that many people need to research before adding a cactus to their home is the different types of cacti and what to expect from each variety.

Specifically, many people ask: which cactus has flowers? This is somewhat of a trick question because all cacti are flowering plants, and every cactus is capable of blooming once it has reached maturity. However, whether a cactus will bloom is highly dependent on their age and the care the plant receives.

While all cacti are flowering plants and can flower, many find it easier to bloom than others. There are a few species that are more likely to bloom, and those are in the Mammillaria, Gymnocalycium, and Parodia family. But, cacti can produce beautiful flowers that feature impressive, colorful displays.

Which Cacti Are More Likely to Bloom?

With proper care, your cactus is almost certain to bloom at some point. It needs to reach maturity and have a regular period of dormancy to bloom properly.

One of the best ways to guarantee that you are getting a cactus that will bloom is to purchase one that is healthy and already in bloom.

If you are new to the cactus raising world, you will want to purchase a type that is easier to bloom and more likely to produce flowers. When you are shopping for a cactus, look for some of these varieties:

• Easter cactus or Rhipsalidopsis – The Easter cactus comes in a variety of bloom colors, and they are usually in bloom at the time of purchase. The flowers featured range from red, white, orange, peach, lavender, and pink. To set buds, they need cooler temperatures and longer hours of darkness.
• Garnet or Dwarf Cacti from Rebutia cactus genus – These cacti are vigorous growers that flower quite readily with proper care. They feature a large, brightly colored flower which arises from areoles. The flowers are usually found around the lower portion of the stems.
• Christmas cactus or Zygocactus – Christmas cacti are one of the only ones on our list that are not naturally grown in a dry or arid environment but are naturally found in the rainforests of Brazil. It is important to water these cacti more than other types. Also, when they look as if the blooms are about to open, you will want to ensure proper watering and keep the plant cool.
• Pincushion cactus from Mammillaria family – These cactus plants bear funnel-shaped flowers with a wide variety of colors like red, yellow, pink, white, and green. The flowers will later develop into often red-colored fruits that resemble a berry or are more elongated.
• Hedgehog cactus varieties – There are a variety of hedgehog cacti that all feature colorful flowers, and most have edible fruits. The flowers open after the spring rains from February to May. The flowers featured are magenta, pink, purple, and lavender, and the blossoms last for five days opening each morning and closing at night.
• Prickly pear Optunia cactus – Most feature yellow, red, or purple flowers on these cacti that vary in height from less than a foot up to six or seven feet. These cactus plants feature pads, which are edible and vary in size, shape, and color.
• Bolivian or Lobivia cacti – This cactus blooms in the spring and summer with large flowers that are in vibrant red, yellow, or orange. They blossom along the sides of the stem and never on top. To blossom, you will want to provide the cactus with proper vernalization keeping it in a vegetative state during the winter.
• Notocactus or Ball Cactus – To encourage flowering, allow the plant to enjoy a cooling period in the winter and dramatically cut back watering. You will want to continue to water the plant periodically but provide them this time of dormancy.

How Do You Choose a Healthy Cactus?

Of course, choosing a flowering cactus variety is one thing, but making sure it’s healthy enough to bloom successfully is another. To make sure the cactus you choose is healthy, you will want to look for the following:

• Check the outer appearance. The cactus trunk should be robust and firm to the touch.
• During cooler months, like fall and winter, you may notice the trunk is wrinkly, but this should not be an issue.
• The cactus’ spikes should be dense and have good color. The spikes are a great indication of the overall health of the plant.
• Do not buy a cactus that has a “fake” bloom or flower present. Some locations will add fake decorative flowers to their plants, which makes them more prone to get infectious diseases. Also, removing the fake flowers will leave a blemish on the plant.
• Look for any signs of sickness or inadequate care. You should be able to notice any spots or bruising. A weak or pale trunk is a sign of a chlorophyll shortage in the plant’s tissue.

How to Care for Your Cactus

Once you have purchased your cactus, it is time to begin caring for your new plant and encouraging blooming. You want to ensure you are providing your cactus with the right environment to ensure annual blooming. Most cacti need bright, hot sunlight during the growing season and several months of cooler, less bright sun during the winter months.

Where to Place Your Cactus

The best way to ensure that your cactus blooms is to mimic the natural cycle that the plants would go through outdoors. If you are planting your cactus outside, you will be in less control of the environment that the plant is in. However, if you live in a dry, desert-like area, many spiny desert cacti do much better outdoors than they do indoors.

However, if you are keeping the plant indoors, to encourage blooming, you will want to put the plant through phases similar to those outdoors. Many bloom in response to a cool, dry, dormant period or during the winter. This means that from around September to April, keep the cactus in bright yet indirect sunlight at about 50 degrees and water more sparingly.

During the growing season, which is during spring and summer, indoor cacti do better in a sunroom or south-facing windowsill. This allows the plant to receive the most sunlight, and they need maximum light and heat during this time. You will also want to turn the plant regularly for even light exposure. If you do not have an area that has an abundance of light, some cacti thrive in artificial light.

When to Water Your Plant

While cacti are desert plants, they do still need an occasional watering to guarantee proper growth. Similar to the amount of light they receive, the amount of water you provide should vary depending on whether it is the growing season or during the dormant months. During the growing season, the plant will need more water than during the dormant season.

Most cacti have adapted to very little rainfall, and even indoor plants have these same hardy characteristics. You will want to water the plants one every two or three weeks. Often, it is best to water on the less often side than too much as these plants can easily rot in oversaturated soil.

An easy way to tell if watering is needed is to feel the soil that the plant is in. You should allow the top two inches of soil to dry out before you water the plant again, at this point water thoroughly until it runs out of the bottom of the pot. You will then empty whatever drainage tray you have present to avoid allowing the plant to sit in extra water.

When to Fertilize Your Plant

Compared to most other plants, cacti do not need regular feeding, and adding fertilizer is more of an owner preference. If you do want to add fertilizer to your plant, opt for a general-purpose houseplant fertilizer that you can find at most lawn and garden stores. Follow directions on the packaging and never overfeed the plant.

You should only be fertilizing the plant in the spring and summer months. NO fertilizer should be added during the dormant period. You should also note that overfeeding the plant will not make it bloom.

When to Repot Your Plant

Cacti are universally known for being slow growers, so the need to repot the plant should not be very often. (They also do not need regular pruning or trimming, but you can do this if needed.) However, over time, there will be a need to repot the plant if it outgrows its current pot, but this is likely only to happen once every three or four years.

You can tell if the plant needs repotting because the roots will tightly fill the inside of the container. Also, some cactus plants will become too large to stay stable in the container. If you want to repot your cactus, you have to pay extra care due to the spines of the plant. You should always use some form of tongs, gloves, or a folded towel when handling the plant.

Make sure that you repot your plant in a potting mix that is designed for cacti and succulents. Do not water your cactus for a week after repotting.

When Will Your Cactus Bloom?

If you follow the proper steps laid out above, your cactus should be in the proper environment for blooming. However, the age of the plant and overall health of the plant can be an important factor. If your plant is not mature, it will not bloom.

As mentioned, the best way to ensure that your plant is going to bloom is to buy one that already has a bloom present. This means that the cactus is at the age of maturity and can bloom. You will still want to provide the proper environment for your plant so it can continue to bloom once in your home.

A significant number of gardeners out there often think that cacti plants don’t need fertilizer. However, that is not the case. Just like any other plant, cacti need nutrients to help them grow and thrive. While they can get some of the nutrients they need from the potting mix; commercial fertilizer will help them grow fast and bloom beautifully.

So, when should I fertilize my cactus? The best time to feed your succulent is during early spring just before the growing season kicks in. But, if you are well organized, consider setting up a schedule that allows fertilizing your plant two or three times per year; in spring, summer, and fall. Be careful not to feed your plant with fertilizer that is too strong because the effects can be devastating. Most cacti species will appreciate fertilizer that is high in phosphorus than nitrogen but diluted to its half or quarter strength. A 5-10-5 (NPK) solution usually works well in most situations.

Read on to find out everything you need to know about feeding your cactus plant. We discuss essential tips that will help you take care of your plant in the best possible way to help you achieve success.

Cacti Fertilizer Needs

Alongside soil, watering, and light, cacti plants fertilizer needs are quite different from other plants. In the natural conditions where these plants grow, feeding is limited due to the inadequate availability of nutrients. Therefore, they have developed a coping mechanism of how to survive on limited nutrients.

You must stick to this principle to avoid hurting your plant with an excessive supply of nutrients. Generally, cacti plants don’t require heavy fertilization. In fact, plant experts say that if you want to achieve better results, strive to replicate the natural growing conditions of the plant.

To get the best out of your plant, consider giving it multiple small feedings instead of one gigantic flood of fertilizer.

How Do You Know When It’s Time to Feed Your Cactus?

Cacti plants require fertilizer during the active growing season more than any other time. In most cases, the active growing season starts in spring and stretches to early fall. Therefore, you need to come up with a feeding schedule that focuses on fertilizing your plant during this time.

Some gardeners prefer using a time-release feeding mechanism that will automatically feed the cactus for relatively long periods, such as three months, to make sure they do not miss feeding the plant during the peak time.

The primary objective here is to ensure you provide the nutrients when the plant needs them. Keep in mind that most cacti plants wake up from dormancy in spring, and this is the time you will start to notice new growth.

If you are a beginner, it might take you some time before you establish an appropriate feeding schedule for your plant. Do not be in a rush to do things. Start small and improve with time. If you have a plant that grows in winter, make sure you fertilize it at that time.

How Often Do You Need to Fertilize Your Cactus Plant?

Now that you know cacti fertilizer requirements and when to apply the fertilizer, the next thing you need to know is how often you need to do it to achieve better results. However, before you decide how often you need to feed your plant, remember one thing; cacti plants are adapted to growing in soils that are poor in nutrients.

This is the primary reason why these plants tend to grow slowly compared to other plants. Therefore, whatever you do, ensure you stick to this principle as much as you can. Avoid overfeeding at all costs because it will only cause more harm than good.

While you can fertilize your plant as often as you want, most plants will generally be fine with one feeding session each year.

Proper and regular fertilization speeds up cacti growth, and that is what you need. Some gardeners with a huge plant collection even prefer mixing a small amount of fertilizer every time they water their plants, and it works fine.

Generally, it is a good practice to feed your cactus two or three times a year. Make an effort to apply fertilizer just before the onset of their growing season and leave them to rest during the dormancy season.

How to Tell If Your Plant Needs Fertilization

The best way to know when to fertilize your cactus is by observing its growth. When the plant grows fast and healthy, you can skip fertilizer for some time.

However, when it starts showing signs of nutritional deficiency, that’s the perfect time to ring the peak time and give it a dose of fertilizer.

Cacti plants that show signs of nutrient deficiency have pale, yellowish leaves.

If you notice the color and texture of your plant’s foliage changing, it means your cactus needs feeding. Therefore, make sure you apply fertilizer immediately to restore the health of your cactus.

How Much Fertilizer Does Your Cactus Require?

Since most of us purchase general-purpose fertilizer for our cacti plants, you need to adjust the dosage accordingly to meet the needs of your cactus. Most cacti species require less fertilizer than other plant species. Therefore, you will need to dilute the fertilizer accordingly.

If you fertilize regularly (once every month), make sure you are using small amounts of fertilizer- about one tablespoon of fertilizer in three or four gallons of water. 

However, if you only fertilize your plants two or three times in a year, consider using one tablespoon of the fertilizer in one gallon of water.  General recommendations suggest diluting your fertilizer to ½ or ¼ of its strength before you apply it.

Be careful not to use a high concentration of the fertilizer to avoid causing harm to your plants. Plant fertilizer that is not properly diluted is caustic and can cause severe fertilizer burn, which will damage roots and eventually kill your plant.

Highly concentrated fertilizer can also cause a sudden change in the pH of water. The ideal pH for most cacti plants and other succulents is around 6.5. When properly diluted, fertilizer cannot impact on water and soil pH.

However, highly concentrated fertilizer can significantly lower the soil and water pH, which is dangerous to the survival of the plant. In case you don’t know how to dilute the fertilizer appropriately, seek help from a plant expert.

Signs That You Are Overfeeding Your Cactus Plant

You should avoid overfeeding your cactus plant by all means. Overfeeding can lead to various plant problems, such as fertilizer burn and root rot.

Some of the common signs that you are overfeeding your cactus include yellowing foliage, wilting leaves, poor growth and development, and brown spots on the stem.

If you suspect your plant is getting too much fertilizer, stop feeding it immediately until the symptoms subside.

Once the symptoms subside, adjust your feeding schedule accordingly and stick to it. Doing this will help you achieve better results without risking the health of your succulent.

Can I Use Mineral Fertilizer to Feed My Cactus?

Mineral fertilizer is a popular choice for many gardeners and farmers because it is readily available, affordable, and easy to apply.

But while mineral fertilizer may be suitable for other plants, you should refrain from using it on cacti since it produces an unbalanced ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Regularly applying mineral fertilizer to your cactus can cause more harm than good because it can cause root burn, eventually leading to your plant’s death.

So, if you plan to feed your cactus, use a balanced liquid, slow-release organic fertilizer, or an all-purpose gardening fertilizer specifically formulated for cacti plants. This will help you achieve better results without risking the health of your succulent.

Remember to dilute the fertilizer appropriately before applying it to your plant. As mentioned earlier, using an undiluted or too-strong solution on your cactus can lead to root burn and other problems.

So, ensure you get the right ratios when preparing the fertilizer solution for your cactus.

Fertilizing Indoor Cacti

Many of us might have discovered the beauty and low-maintenance of growing cacti plants in pots. Potted plants are a welcome beauty to our indoor spaces and will always make you feel better and happy.

While growing cacti plants in containers is more of a low-maintenance option, you still need to feed them regularly to achieve better results.

Keep in mind that cacti plants grown in the ground get most of their nutrients from the surrounding soil. The numerous amounts of microorganisms in the soil constantly break down organic matter, adding nutrients to the soil.

However, the potting mix you use in your growing container doesn’t undergo this process. Therefore, potted plants need supplemental nutrients to thrive. The additional nutrients come in the form of fertilizer.

Below is an outline of the essential things you need to keep in mind when feeding your indoor cacti:

• Consider using a liquid, low-nitrogen, and high-phosphorus fertilizer, or find an appropriate organic fertilizer alternative.
• If you water your potted cactus regularly (at least twice every month), apply fertilizer at its quarter strength. Don’t go beyond this proportion because it may be dangerous.  If you don’t water your plants regularly, consider using fertilizer at its ½ strength.
• The best time to apply the fertilizer is when you are watering your plant. Generally, you should start watering your indoor plants at the start of spring through summer and early fall. Do not water your plant during winter unless it is absolutely necessary.

Inducing  Flowering with Fertilizing

If you are like most people, your biggest joy is to see your cactus bloom and beautify your home. Unfortunately, not many people enjoy the privilege of seeing their desert plant flowers. Our bonus fertilizing tip may help you with that problem.

One of the secrets our experts have learned over many years of growing cacti is that proper fertilization can get your plant bloom almost on-demand.

We know how useful this technique can be because some cacti species don’t bloom easily. Some may even take up to 30 years before they start flowering!

The secret to getting your cactus plant flower fast is to add a small amount of dissolved ammonium sulfate to the water. Alternatively, you can dissolve the ammonium sulfate powder into the water directly.

Ammonium sulfate is a specialty plant fertilizer that is hard to find at local garden shops, but you can find it online.

Make sure you apply the ammonium sulfate early in spring when your cactus plant is just coming out of the dormant winter phase. This is the time your plant is starting to prepare for the flowering season that mostly happens in summer.  Therefore, the ammonium sulfate is meant to give it some little head start.

Since you don’t need a lot of ammonium sulfate to do the trick, one bag should be enough to last for years.

Final Thoughts

Fertilizing your cactus plant shouldn’t be a difficult task. We hope the information you have read in this post provides you with a good headstart you need to do a good job. So, if you are now itching to fertilize your cactus, find a good fertilizer, and get started.

Also, if you have enjoyed reading this post, and you want to share it with your friends, feel free to hit the share button and keep the conversation going.

Most of us can agree to the fact that cacti plants are some of the hardiest and most resilient plant species in the world. Generally, they are low-maintenance plants that need little care to thrive. These plants can store water for a relatively long period and adapt to different environments quite well. But the big question is, do cacti plants require fertilizer to survive? Can these plants thrive and bloom without any form of fertilization? We are here to help you understand the right thing to do.

So, does a cactus need fertilizer? The simple answer is yes.  Just like any other plant, cacti need nutrients to thrive and bloom. Occasional fertilization helps the plant replenish the essential nutrients it has used from the soil throughout the season. At minimum, fertilizing your cactus plant at least once or twice a year is a good thing to do. However, if you are well organized and can set up a good schedule, fertilizing it three times a year (in spring, summer, and fall) can yield great results.

Keep reading to understand everything you need to know about fertilizing your cactus plant and how to do it properly.

Before we start, here is a list of our favorite and recommended Fertilizer (Here)

Why Is Cactus Fertilization Important?

What is the first thing that hits your mind when you hear about cacti? Most probably, you picture a thorny desert plant that is used to surviving in hostile environments. You probably think the perfect environment for these plants is a harsh desert with two weather extremes; longer periods of no rainfall and shorter periods of sporadic rains.

You picture a plant that must always strive to absorb and store as much water as possible whenever it rains to survive. But did you know that there is the other side of a cactus plant, especially when it is domesticated?

The moment you decide to start growing cacti plants in your indoor or outdoor garden, you should be prepared to treat them right to achieve the results. Fertilizing your plant can help to keep it happy and healthy, no matter the season.

Just like any other houseplant, feeding your cactus will help it adapt, actively growing, and flower beautifully. The right kind of fertilizer applied the right way and at the right time helps your plant obtain all the necessary nutrients needed to thrive.

Furthermore, proper fertilization encourages healthy growth and flowering.

Now that you know why it is essential to feed your plant, it is also important to know the right type of fertilizer to use and how to fertilize the plant correctly.

Types of Cactus Fertilizers

As mentioned earlier, fertilizers contain essential nutrients your plant requires for healthy growth. Cactus fertilizer can either be organic or inorganic and are mostly available in powder, liquid, solid, or granular form.

A significant number of gardeners prefer using inorganic fertilizers because their chemical composition is consistent.  This doesn’t mean organic fertilizers are bad, but most of them may lack essential elements which might cause a deficiency. You may also be forced to use them for a prolonged period to achieve better results.

The main elements of cacti fertilizers include:

1. Nitrogen (N)

The primary purpose of nitrogen is to encourage good top growth. It also plays a critical role in building protoplasm, protein, and other essential components of plant cells.

2. Phosphorous (P)  

Phosphorous/phosphate encourages good root growth to provide the plant with strong anchorage. This mineral element also helps in seed germination (in case you want to propagate your cactus by seed) and ripening of fruit.

3. Potassium (K)

The primary purpose of potassium is to encourage good flowering and development of fruits. You will need a fertilizer that is high in potassium when you are trying to make your cactus plant bloom.

During spring (when your plant is in an active growth cycle), consider using a low nitrogen release fertilizer. A 5-10-5 (NPK) compound works best. Carefully mix your fertilizer in the potting mix, and it will keep your cactus plant happy until summer.

Another good alternative is to use a water-soluble fertilizer. Once you have obtained your water-soluble fertilizer, mix ½ tablespoon per gallon of water and spray carefully onto the base of your plant.

When using water-soluble fertilizer, consider applying the fertilizer at least once every two weeks during the active growth season.

Water-soluble fertilizer tends to work best for desert cacti than using a granular mixture. However, both methods are quite good, and the final decision will largely depend on what you prefer.

During the dormant period (winter), do not feed your plant with fertilizer because it is in a “resting” mode. 

What Is the Best Fertilizer for Your Cactus Plant?

Now that you know the types and major components of cacti fertilizer, you may be asking yourself how to determine the best fertilizer for your plant.

Before we dive deep into the selection criteria, there are a few things you need to keep in mind.

First, you should know that cacti plants are not heavy feeders. This means they do not require a lot of fertilizer to thrive. In fact, these succulents tend to respond well when fertilizer is applied at a half or quarter strength.

Also, you should keep in mind that strong fertilizers, especially those with high nitrogen component, may cause problems to your plant. Although most cacti plants do not require a specific fertilizer blend, they often do well when fed with a highly diluted multi-purpose fertilizer.

Always go for a low-nitrogen, water-soluble fertilizer for better results. Use a 5-10-10 (NPK) fertilizer blend or 10-10-10 (NPK) diluted to its ¼ strength. You can also come up with your own custom blend by combining a 5-10-10 blend with a 1-7-6 blend.  The resultant blend may help in maintaining a consistent amount of nutrients in your potting mix.

The bottom line is to ensure you are feeding your cactus plant with the best possible blend of fertilizer. A few manufacturers sell already diluted fertilizer ready for use.  Feel free to find one if you do not want to handle the dilution process by yourself.

Signs That Your Cactus Needs Feeding

The truth is that cacti plants are highly sensitive to fertilizer. As a result, you must watch out for signs of nutrient deficiency before you consider feeding them.

Your cactus’ leaves and stems will become yellowish if it is not getting enough nutrients. You may also notice that the overall growth rate has significantly slowed down. This is an indication that your plant requires feeding.

But it doesn’t mean that the appearance of these signs indicates that your cactus needs more fertilizer.

Stressful conditions such as prolonged dryness and too much water can deprive your plant of vital nutrients.

If you are uncertain, water the soil deeply before adding a diluted fertilizer solution. Give your cactus time to respond before adding more fertilizer.

Fertilizing Your Cactus Plant

As the growing season approaches, take time to inspect your plant regularly. Consider inspecting it at least once every week and check for signs of new growth such as fresh needles, new leaflets, or increased size. You should only start feeding your plant when there are signs of growth.

One important thing you need to keep in mind when fertilizing your plant is to use your fertilizer sparingly. Too much fertilizer can lead to poor root growth and stunted growth.

If you are using a 10-10-10 (NPK) or 5-10-10 fertilizer blend, be sure to dissolve one tablespoon of the fertilizer in one gallon of water.

Use the resultant mixture to water your cactus plant until the soil is completely moist. However, you need to be careful to avoid overwatering your plant since it may have adverse effects on your plant.

If you are using a 1-7-6 (NPK) fertilizer blend, consider using the slow-release method to feed your plant. Take one tablespoon of the 1-7-6 (NPK) fertilizer blend and mix it with one gallon of water. Use the mixture to water your plant sparingly.

When watering a potted plant, allow the mixture some time to sink in properly.  Also, make sure you are pouring the mixture slowly to allow the plant enough time to absorb it and drain out whatever is excessive.

Always check if the topsoil of your container is completely dry before watering again. This should happen after approximately two weeks.

No matter how you choose to feed your plant, remember the fact that you are not supposed to overfeed. You might think you are doing the right thing, but overfeeding is dangerous to your cactus the same way overwatering is.

Essential Things to Keep in Mind When Feeding Your Cactus Plant

• Overfeeding may cause more harm than good. Applying too much fertilizer can cause severe burns or even death.
• Be careful with your plants during summer if you are using chemical fertilizers. A slight mistake can be catastrophic.
• Know the type of fertilizer that will work best for your plant. If you have no idea where to start, consult experts.
• Always start slow and improve with time if you don’t see the desired results.
• Fertilizer can damage recently potted or repotted cacti plants. Consider delaying fertilization until after your cactus establishes itself in the new pot. This occurs after two to three months.
• Some cacti species, such as the holiday cactus, are usually dormant in summer and active in winter. Therefore, for such plants, develop a reverse fertilization schedule so that you feed them at the right time.

When Is the Best Time to Feed Your Cactus?

The best time for fertilizing your cactus plant is during the growing season, usually from late spring to early fall.

Consider applying the right fertilizer once every two weeks only when you notice new growth in your plant.

However, if you are using a slow-release fertilizer blend, consider fertilizing your cactus every three months instead. Take time to observe your plant and adjust your fertilizing schedule accordingly.

At the end of the day, every cactus is unique and different, so pay attention to your plant’s needs when creating a fertilizing schedule. Most importantly, remember not to overfeed or overwater your cactus.

What Happens If I Overfeed My Cactus Plant?

Overfeeding is as detrimental to your cactus plant as overwatering. Too much fertilizer can burn the roots and leaves of your cactus, leading to stunted growth or even death.

Moreover, excess fertilizer might wash away essential trace elements from the soil, resulting in nutrient deficiency.

Therefore, if you suspect you have overfed your cactus, withhold the fertilization immediately.

Consider flushing the soil with large amounts of water to eliminate any excess fertilizer and restore nutrient balance in the soil.

Furthermore, if the leaves of your cactus are yellowing or wilting even after providing optimal care and fertilizing correctly, consider consulting an expert for help.

They will diagnose the exact problem and provide professional advice on how to maintain the health of your cactus and restore its beauty.

Can I Use Organic Fertilizers on My Cactus?

Yes, organic fertilizers are as effective in providing essential nutrients to your cactus as chemical fertilizers.

These fertilizers usually come from natural sources such as guano, bone meal, compost, earthworm castings, and fish emulsion.

Organic fertilizer is an excellent choice if you are looking for an eco-friendly way to feed your cactus.

Moreover, these fertilizers also help improve the structure of your soil over time and promote microbial activity in the soil.

Final Thoughts

Providing good growing conditions and following a proper feeding schedule are critical elements you need to adhere to when growing cacti plants. Doing things right will give your plants the best chance of staying healthy and happy throughout the year.

Now that you know how to fertilize your cactus, don’t be afraid to go out there and practice what you have learned here. Go create your own beautiful and happy cactus gardens and enjoy life!

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Cacti are popular plants to grow at home (both indoors and outdoors) because they require very little maintenance and are among the coolest looking plant varieties. Because of their unique needs compared to most plants you keep in a garden, there are specific guidelines that need to be followed for care. Many misinformed care strategies may hurt the plants. 

These are five common mistakes in cactus care: 

1. Caring for all cacti the same way 
2. Overwatering and Underwatering 
3. Using small containers and bad soil conditions 
4. Offering too little sunlight or scorching them 
5. Using pesticides incorrectly 

Many things in life need to be done in moderation. This is particularly true when caring for cacti as our common mistakes show that too much or too little of something can be equally damaging to the plant. We will cover the common mistakes that arise in cactus care and what you should be doing to make sure that your cacti are appropriately cared for. 

Common Mistakes in Cactus Care

Cacti can be very easy to care for when done so correctly, but it can also be challenging as they are very different from plants that we are familiar with. They are native to the Western Hemisphere, often being found in arid environments where drought is frequent. However, there is variation in the environments they are found in, with some being drier and more intense than others. 

Cacti have become a popular plant species to grow and take care of at home, providing that care mimics their growth and survival in the wild. The following are five common mistakes in cactus care and how you can modify these mistakes to care for your cactus plants best. 

1. Caring for All Cacti the Same Way 

Cacti are not only unique from other plants, but they are incredibly unique among each other. There are upwards of 2,000 species found throughout North and South America, all in varying weather and living conditions. Because they are naturally found in different climates, soil conditions, and environments, certain species are best suited for some areas over others. 

Cacti all share a common survival strategy to preserve water, but the conditions in which they do it can be quite different. The first common mistake in cactus care is treating all cacti as if they are the same. While there are general cactus care guidelines we will point out throughout this article, not every recommendation will suit all species the same. 

To best care for your cactus plants and promote the growth of a healthy plant, you should be looking at specific care protocol for your individual plant types. This will ensure that you are mimicking the conditions that each species would be exposed to in their natural environment. Some species of cacti are easier to care for than others. 

For example, the Mammillaria genus of cacti likes to stay dry compared to others in the cacti family (Cactaceae). This means that they will need to be watered significantly less than other cacti for ideal growing conditions. Referring to individual species for best-growing conditions will ensure that the plant can thrive. 

There are certain species of cacti that are better suited for home growth than others. Here are some of the easiest ones to grow (listed by genus and offering many species within each): 

• Opuntia: Referred to as prickly pear, Opuntia needs bright light as young plants and full sun as adults. They withstand high temperatures and dry environments. Seedlings should be consistently moist, but adult plants are very drought tough. They can completely dry out between watering but need to be soaked. 
• Echinopsis: The Echinopsis genus is characterized by bulbous cacti. They like intense light, need thorough watering when their soil is dry, require good drainage, and do well with fertilizer.  
• Mammillaria: These need less sunlight than many other species, do not want lots of water and need fast-draining soil. 
• Rebutia: Different species of Rebutia will require varying sun conditions, and most do not want high temperatures. They need their soil to dry before re-watering. 
• Parodia: Keep Parodia away from excessive direct sunlight and shade them during the hottest parts of the day. Their soil should remain moist, so regular watering is required. 
• Ferocactus: These are often barrel-shaped cacti that appreciate direct sunlight, well-drained soil, and limited water. Only rainfall is required to water Ferocactus unless drought occurs. 

If you are considering cacti to grow at home, these are among the easiest to grow successfully.

A wide range of species falls under each genus, giving you plenty of cactus aesthetics to choose from. 

2. Overwatering and Underwatering 

One of the coolest features about cacti, which are considered succulents, is their ability to store water. Most cacti store water in their stems and thrive in environments will little access to water. When caring for cactus plants at home, there is typically always access to water, which can be good and bad. While we water most of our plants every day, cacti are not suited for it. 

Two common mistakes deal with how much water is being given to your cactus; you can overwater and underwater it. It is all about finding a happy medium as too much water will overwhelm the plant, and too little will cause it to dry out. It is recommended that cacti should be watered around once a week, but there may be differences depending upon the specific species. 

When watering most cacti, you will want to do so when the soil mixture is near or completely dry. The best watering technique is to soak the soil so that the cactus will be able to pull enough moisture from the mixture. Once the soil appears dry again, this is the signal to re-water (should occur every week or so). Too much water can cause the roots to rot when sitting. 

You may also notice physical signs on the cactus that show the impacts of watering at different levels: 

• Coloring: If the plants are not watered for considerable amounts of time, green plants will often appear more yellow. In extreme situations, parts of the cactus will turn brown or black, which indicates death.
• Plumpness: If the cactus looks very engorged or mushy looking, you may have overwatered it. Limit watering in this case, so the plant has a chance to return to ideal conditions. 
• Wrinkles: If the leaves or outer appearance look shriveled, this is a sign of underwatering. Make sure that containers are sufficiently watered when watering does occur. 

The time of year will also determine the watering schedule. The weekly recommendations are for the summer and growing months, while wintertime will require less watering because of dormancy. Only water when soil is completely dry in the winter to avoid drying the cactus out. Soil type will also impact watering habits. Fast-draining soil will require more water as it leaves the container. Larger containers will need more water than small ones.

Always look at the specific requirements of your species but err on the side of underwatering as opposed to overwatering. Cacti are naturally drought resistant and will be able to handle drier environments as opposed to being overwhelmed with moisture. 

3. Using Small Containers and Bad Soil Conditions 

The physical conditions in which cactus plants are kept will also have a significant impact on their ability to survive. There are two parts of this common mistake, which include using containers that are too small for growing and bad soil choices. These two factors work together to provide an unsuitable environment for many cactus species. 

If you are growing a cactus in a pot, you should examine both the size of the cactus and its roots. Many people will choose too small of a container for their cactus, which will limit the growth capabilities depending on the species. If there are longer roots, you will need a deeper container. It is recommended to choose a container that is slightly larger than the plant. 

For both plants in containers and those in the ground, the soil is critical. It is a common mistake to use regular potting or gardening soil for cactus, which does not contain proper draining qualities and can lead to root rot more quickly than cactus mix or soil. You should be mimicking growing the conditions that cacti find themselves in many desert environments. 

The best soils for cacti have the following characteristics: 

• Rocky: This allows water to easily pass through the soil so that it does not sit and negatively impact the roots. 
• Rich in nutrients: Many cactus mixes will include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. 
• Contain peat: If kept in extremely dry environments, peat moss is often added to help the plants maintain and hold moisture, so the soil does not dry out too fast. This will vary based on the species you grow. 
• Fertilized: To help aid in the growth of your cacti, consider adding fertilizer to the soil every couple of months. They do best with light fertilizing as full-strength can be overwhelming to their composition and growth. Some soils are enriched with fertilizer and will not require additions. Phosphorus-rich solutions are best for growth. 

The containers you plant the cacti in should also have holes at the bottom to allow for this drainage to occur. Without holes, the soil remains moist, leading to premature death and decay of the roots. As cacti proliferate, they need to be repotted every two to three years so they have access to fresh soil with new nutrients. 

4. Offering Too Little Sunlight or Scorching Them 

Sunlight is crucial to the growth of all plants for photosynthesis. Cacti do engage in photosynthesis, but it is CAM photosynthesis, allowing them to maintain moisture by collecting carbon dioxide at night. The amount of light given to cacti is one of the most important factors in keeping the plant healthy. A common mistake is providing them with too little or too much light. 

There are two main issues where sunlight is concerned: 

• keeping them indoors where there is limited light 
• leaving them outside in intense sun that can burn the plant 

You want to provide a good light balance for the plant, which will largely depend on the species you are growing. Some cacti require indirect sunlight, bright light, or a restriction on the hours exposed. 

If your cactus is receiving too little light, here are some common solutions: 

• Keep it near a window: To avoid burning but allow for more light, keeping a cactus near a window will give it the light it needs without high intensity. 
• Use artificial lighting: If you cannot provide enough natural light, artificial light will work. You will just need to make sure it is exposed to these lights for longer as they are not as powerful or strong as natural lighting will be. 
• Move it outside: Many species will thrive in outdoor environments with ample sun. You can always put it in an area that will be partially shaded if it cannot withstand direct light all day. 

A common misconception is that cacti should be left in full sun all day since they are naturally in the desert. For some varieties, this is absolutely true and they need lots of light for growth. Others may be more intolerant, especially if it is a hot and intense sunlight. Brightness may be more important than direct sunlight, which can be achieved near a window for indoor plants. 

Most cacti will require 4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day, with specific species being suited for full sun. 

Some cacti are found in tropical environments rather than deserts, so intense sunlight is not going to allow them to thrive. Understanding your specific species will help determine this! Cacti can get a sunburn and they will tell you with yellowy skin color. If you notice this, take the cactus out of direct sunlight and grow it either indoors or in areas that will receive shade. 

5. Using Pesticides Incorrectly 

Because we want to keep bugs and insects off our plants for optimal growth, it is a common mistake to use harmful pesticides on your cacti. Most cacti naturally deter bugs and do not really deal with this problem as much as they do bacterial and fungal disease. When bugs do develop, you need to make sure proper insecticides are used as to not damage the plant. 

Bugs will feed on the nutrients accumulated in leaves and stems, with the most common pests being: 

• Mealybugs: These are dangerous to the plant and will attack it from the stems and the leaves. They are small white bugs that reproduce quickly and will damage the cactus. Try removing with water or tweezers before chemicals. Neem or horticultural oil and rubbing alcohol solutions can also be used before more intense insecticide applications. 
• Scale: Another difficult pest to remove, scale insects are often found in warm environments (perfect for cacti) and produce honeydew which can contribute to mold creation. If not addressed, leaves will die and it can kill the plant. Similar treatment methods can be used as mealybugs, but armored scales are more difficult to remove. Early intervention is necessary for effective removal. 

One of the most common ailments a plant faces when pesticides are involved is phototoxicity.

When pesticides are combined with sunlight, they can produce a chemical reaction that is similar to that of a sunburn on the cacti. This will result in burning of the cactus skin and is a direct result of a grower’s application of a pesticide. 

The best way to both use a pesticide and prevent phototoxicity is to apply pesticides when direct sunlight is not present. Application will kill bugs or pests but have limited impact on the surface of the plant as long as contact with sun is not made. When the pesticide is left on for the amount of time it needs to kill the bugs, wash it off before the plant will be exposed to sun again. 

Prevention is the best way to avoid cactus damage related to pesticides. Make sure all pesticides used will not damage the plant upon impact. Using a cactus-specific solution will help to keep your plants healthy and prevent the infestation of bugs or insects on your plants. 

Taking Best Care of Cacti 

Cacti are incredibly strong plants but they are also sensitive and should be treated with care. They are best served being slightly neglected over being micro-managed with too much water or interference. Our best advice for avoiding the mistakes mentioned throughout this article is to research the specific cacti you will be caring for. 

Because ‘cacti’ is a such a large plant grouping, there is not one set of directions that will apply. The common mistakes apply to all cacti, but which ones will be more resilient to either end of the spectrum is largely dependent on the plant you have. Cacti are excellent for homes, and compared to most plants, are beautiful and low-maintenance additions.